Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men and usually occurs in later life. Because it often progresses without symptoms in the early stages, regular screenings are crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. Thanks to advancements in diagnostic methods and treatment options, encouraging results can be achieved in prostate cancer today.
What is Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer develops as a result of the uncontrolled proliferation of cells in the prostate gland, located in the male reproductive system. The prostate is located just below the bladder and contributes to semen production. While cancer cells may initially remain confined to the prostate tissue, they can spread to surrounding tissues and bones in later stages.
Prostate cancer is generally a slow-progressing disease, although some types can be more aggressive. Therefore, the course of the disease and the treatment approach may vary from patient to patient.
What Causes Prostate Cancer?
While the exact cause of prostate cancer is unknown, some risk factors increase the likelihood of developing the disease:
Advanced age (especially over 50)
Family history of prostate cancer
Genetic predisposition
Unhealthy diet and obesity
Sedentary lifestyle
High testosterone levels
What are the Symptoms of Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer usually does not cause symptoms in its early stages. When symptoms do appear, they can often be confused with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
The most common symptoms of prostate cancer are:
Difficulty urinating
Weak or intermittent urine stream
Frequent urination, especially waking up at night to urinate
Burning or pain during urination
Blood in urine or semen
Groin, lower back, or bone pain (in advanced stages)
Erectile dysfunction
These symptoms do not necessarily mean prostate cancer, but they should always be evaluated by a urologist.
How is Prostate Cancer Diagnosed?
Multiple methods are used together in the diagnosis of prostate cancer:
PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) Test
High PSA levels measured in blood can increase suspicion of prostate cancer.
Digital Rectal Examination
The shape and firmness of the prostate are evaluated.
Prostate Biopsy
A sample of prostate tissue is taken for pathological examination to make a definitive diagnosis.
Imaging Methods
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), tomography, and bone scintigraphy are used to assess the spread of the disease.
How is Prostate Cancer Treated?
Prostate cancer treatment is planned according to the stage of the disease, the patient's age, general health status, and the aggressiveness of the tumor.
Active Surveillance
In low-risk and slow-progressing cancers, regular check-ups can be performed.
Surgical Treatment
Radical prostatectomy aims to completely remove the prostate gland. It is preferred especially in early-stage disease.
Radiotherapy
The aim is to destroy cancer cells with high-energy radiation. It can be applied alone or after surgery.
Hormone Therapy
By reducing the effect of the testosterone hormone, the growth of cancer cells is slowed.
Chemotherapy and Targeted Drugs
Can be used in advanced and metastatic prostate cancer.
The Importance of Early Diagnosis in Prostate Cancer
Treatment success is quite high in prostate cancer detected in the early stages. Therefore, it is recommended that men over 50, and those with a family history of prostate cancer, have regular PSA tests and urological check-ups at an earlier age.
Conclusion
Prostate cancer is a disease that can be controlled with early diagnosis and correct treatment. Even without symptoms, regular screenings play a critical role in increasing life expectancy and quality of life. If you have any complaints related to the prostate, it is important to consult a specialist doctor without delay.
Legal Disclaimer:
The results of any surgical or interventional procedure may vary from person to person. It is recommended that you get a detailed opinion from your doctor before the procedure.